Soil microorganisms have the remarkable ability to produce biologically active compounds, which exert significant physiological and biochemical effects on living organisms. These compounds can influence cellular processes, enhance metabolism, strengthen the immune system, and support detoxification mechanisms. They play a crucial role in the development of antibiotics, pharmaceuticals, probiotics, and novel anticancer therapies. In this review, we have compiled 197 natural compounds derived from 30 microbial strains spanning 11 genera. These compounds have been extensively explored in medicinal chemistry and pharmacology, with research highlighting their antimicrobial, anticancer, antifungal, antimalarial, and anti-inflammatory properties.