This article explores the central role of translation in comparative literature and its importance in foreign language education, emphasizing how translation fosters linguistic and cultural understanding. In the context of comparative literature, translation serves as a bridge, allowing literary works to be appreciated across linguistic and cultural boundaries. For language education, translation supports learners in developing both linguistic skills and cultural insights, enriching the learning experience. In Uzbekistan, where the study of foreign languages is gaining momentum, integrating translation into foreign language teaching offers valuable opportunities to enhance students’ comprehension and appreciation of world literature. The article analyzes translation’s dual function in comparative literature and language pedagogy, examining how translation helps build linguistic competence and deepens cross-cultural understanding.