The civilizational exchanges between Xi’an and Samarkand have a long history. During the Tang and Song dynasties, the eastern gate of Samarkand, was referred to as the «China Gate». The mural in the ambassador's hall of the King of Vargoman also showcases a large number of Chinese elements. This has provided an important basis for the dissemination of Chinese culture and the Chinese image in the Central Asian region. Xi’an and Samarkand established a sister city relationship in 2013, and by 2024, they have already established direct flight routes. The exchange and cooperation between the two sides in the fields of culture, education, industry, agriculture, economy and trade, tourism, and talent exchange have further deepened. This article intends to explore the exchanges and interactions between two ancient yet modern cities, which have been acquainted for thousand years, focusing on the Chinese elements found in the Afrasiab site of the ancient city of Samarkand during the prosperous period of the Silk Road.