To study the chemical and mineralogical composition of the selected clays, montmorillonite clays from the Navbahor deposit (Navoi region) were studied in order to determine the degree of maskur sorbentity. The work used physicochemical (X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric, spectral, microscopic) and (calorimetric, adsorption, low-temperature nitrogen adsorption) colloidal-chemical analysis methods. Processing and modification of alkaline and alkaline earth bentonite with Ca2+Zn2+Mn2+ and Ca2+Zn2+Mn2+ solutions, determination of their texture and adsorption activity with respect to inorganic ions (Сu2+ PO43-) and aqueous solutions to petroleum products, as well as water and hexane molecules from a gaseous environment. Methods for synthesizing solutions that form a film on the surface were developed to modify alkaline and alkaline earth bentonite; Most of the studies were performed at a measurement rate of 4000 pulses/sec, a time constant of 1 sec, and a secondary angle range (2θ) of 4-80°. Monochromatic X-ray studies were performed by exposing the samples to different modes to obtain a more accurate diffraction pattern.