The main focus of the article is on the comparative analysis of the population growth and welfare level of Uzbekistan in Central Asia. First of all, importance was given to the position of the population of Uzbekistan among the CIS countries, and then the comparative analysis of the level of prosperity among the Central Asian countries. Following the method from the general to the specific, the comparative analysis of the gross territorial product per capita in the Samarkand region for the years 2021-2022 was also covered. It is known that the result of well-being is measured by people's health and longevity. Taking this into account, a comparative analysis of the ratio of births and deaths in Uzbekistan, deaths by types of diseases was also given.